System of roof construction



April 19, 1938. A. H. TASHJIAN SYSTEM OF ROOF CONSTRUCT ION Filed Dec.21, l935 2 Sheets-Sheet l H iiifiiiiiiii INVENTOR.

ATTORN April 19, 1938- A. H. TASHJIAN SYSTEM OF ROOF CONSTRUCTION A 2Shets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 21., 1935 INVENTOR. Qrmm .77. 7zzsfijmiz BYPatented Apr. 19, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT, oFFicE 2,114,302 SYSTEM orsoon cons'mucnon ArmcnH. Tashiian, Cleveland Heights, Ohio ApplicationDecember 21, 1935, semi No. 55.501

8 Claims.

This invention relates, as indicated, to a novel system of roofconstruction but has reference more particularly to a roof constructionembodying metal encased shingles.

Although the encasing of conventional shingles of various materials withmetal has been previously proposed, the area of metal employed for thecasing of such shingles has necessarily been so great as to preclude theeconomies which a shingle of this character is intended to effect. Inthis connection it may be noted that the area of a conventional shingleis approximately 2.2 times its exposed area, and that since the lower orunexposed surface of such a shingle must necessarily be as impervious tomoisture as its exposed surface, the total area of metal required toencase such a shingle is in excess of four times the exposed area of theshingle. For this reason, metal encased shingles, as heretoforemanufactured, have not been regarded as practical from a commercialstandpoint.

Moreover, the casing in every instance was employed solely as aprotective coating for the shingle and was not designed to serve anyother useful purpose, or improve weaknesses of conventional shingleconstruction.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a water-tightshingle construction for sloping roofs, 'by a novel means of sealedinterlocks between adjacent shingles in a course, and sealed jointsbetween successive courses, and sealed construction of valleys, hips,ridges and end flashings.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel metal encasedshingle in which the area of metal used for the casing is reduced to aminimum and in which the casing is designed to co-operate with suitablelocking elements for rigidly securing the shingles in position on aroof, siding or the like, in a water-tight sealed jointing. I

Another object of the invention is to provide a shingle and securingmeans therefor of such a character as to permit the laying of theshingles in courses from the eaves up or from the ridge down.

Another object of the invention is to provide a roof construction fromwhich the individual shingles which have been damaged may be easily andquickly removed and replaced by other shingles without removing anyadjacent shingle or shingles.

A further object of the invention is to provide metal encased shingles,the casings of which are designed to serve as fiashings at gable ends,or

at parapets, thereby dispensing with the need for separate metalilashings which are required in conventional shingle construction.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a metal encasedshingle of standard form, but of such construction as to enable specialforms of shingles to be cut or made therefrom for special forms ofconstruction, as for example, for valleys and hips of roofs of varyingpitches, and ridges, thereby eliminating the need for expensiifiesvalley flashings, and separate hip and ridge r To the accomplishment ofthe foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists of themeans hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in theclaims, the annexed drawings and the following description setting forthin detail certain structure embodying the invention, such disclosedmeans constituting, however, but onepf various mechanical forms in whichthe principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings:-

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a roof comprising metal encasedshingles made in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is acrosssectional view, taken on theline 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is adevelopment of the metal casing of one of the standard shingles; Fig. 4is a development of a portion of the metal casing of one of the end orgable shingles; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the shingleside-fiange-receiving channels; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one ofthe locking elements; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken on theline 1-1 of Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary side view of the exposed endof a shingle; Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional and perspective view,showing the manner in which adjacent shingles are locked to thestationary channel; Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view, taken on the lineill-l0 of Fig. '7; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of one of the standardshingles; Fig. 12 is a fragmentary plan view of a valley, showingshingles of modified contour which are construction of such valley; Fig.13 is a crosssectional view, taken on the line Ill-l3 of Fig.- 12; Fig.14 is a sectional view of a typical ridge construction; Fig. 15 is afragmentaryelevation of a locking bar used for ridge shingles; Fig 16 isa fragmentary sectional view of a typical hip construction; and Fig. 17is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-sectional view of a modified form ofshingle.

Referring more particularly 'to Figs. 1 to 11 of the drawings, there isdisclosed a roof embodying shingles I, hereinafter designated asstandard employed in the v shingles, and shingles 2, hereinafterdesignated as end or gable shingles, these shingles, as shown in Fig. 1,being laid on the roof boards 3 in courses in the usual manner.

Each of the shingles comprises a base or core 4, which is preferablytapered from its front edge 5 to its rear edge 6, and consists of asuitable material having heat insulating properties, such, for example,as fiber board, composition board and the like. This shingle ispartially encased in a casing or covering of sheet metal of acorrosionresistant character, such for example as copper, lead, zinc,etc. In practice it is preferred to employ comparatively thin, soft,sheet metal, of a thickness which may be easily forced into sideinterlocking channels without prior forming and which may be cut to anydesired contour by means of an ordinary pair of shears, therebyfacilitating the cutting of special shingles in the field as will bepresently described.

In forming the casing, a blank cut to the desired contour is provided,as shown in Fig. 3, and is bent along the dotted lines, as indicated, toprovide a facing 'l for the upper surface of the base 4 of the shingle,a downwardly extending flange 8 for covering the front edge 5 of thebase, a rebent flange 9 for covering a relatively small portion of thelower surface of the base 4 adjacent the front edge thereof andadditional areas it, ii and i2 for covering portions of the side edgesI3 of the base. Thefacing 'l and flanges l4 are provided at their rearportions with areas Ia and Ma, respectively, which are indicated by thedot and dash lines and serve a purpose which will be presentlydescribed. The tapering side flanges H are sufficiently wide to not onlycover the side edges l3 of the base. but to provide an excess forcovering the web of the locking channels, as will be presentlydescribed.

The casing is preferably secured to the base or core of the shingle asby stapling the terminal edges of flange 9 to the back face of the baseor core and cementing the facing I (with the exception of the area 1a)and flange 8 to the upper surface and front edge of the base, theremaining portions of the casing being unattached to the base.

Overlying the areas Ia and Ma of facing 1 and flanges l4, there isprovided a strip ll of adhesive waterproof fabric, approximately doublethe width of these areas and of a length equal to the width of thecasing face 1 plus the width of the areas l4a of the flanges H, theportions of this strip which extend beyond the side edges l3 of theshingle being designated Ma. The strip H, by virtue of its adhesivenature, is cemented to the upper surface of the area la and to thatportion of the base immediately to the rear of this area. The functionof the strip I! will be presently described.

It will be particularly noted that the flanges i4 and areas Ma of thecasing are not in any way secured to the side edges i3 of the base, butin 'eifect'provide pliable flaps, which, as will be presently described,are employed for the locking of adjacent shingles to the stationarychannels and roof construction, without necessitating nailing of theshingles to the roof construction.

The end shingles 2 are made in precisely the same manner as the regularshingles, with the exception that the side flanges designated l4 andareas '11 are considerably wider than the flanges i4 and area |4a so asto provide flaps for covering the ends 3a of the roof boards 3, as shownin Fig. 2. If desired, the flaps l4 and l4'a may be extended, as shownin Fig. 2, to provide rebent portions to engage the lower surface of theroof end. The flap l4 and l4'a will, of course, be nailed or otherwisesecured to the edges or underside of the roof boards, or may be turnedup and flashed in the parapet, the flaps in either case eliminating theneed for separate flashings at the ends of the roof construction.

For the purpose of securing the shingles to the roof boards withoutnailing them directly to such roof boards, there are provided lockingelements, such as the channel 20 in Fig. 5 and the rod 2| in Fig. 6.

The channel 20 is preferably made of resilient copper, or othercorrosion-resistant metal, and of a length approximately equal to thelength of the shingles. The flanges 22 of the channel are tapered fromfront to rear to correspond with the taper and thickness of the shinglesand are provided with inwardly disposed longitudinally extending beads23. The walls of the rear end of the channel are pressed together toprovide an inclined end stop 24 and a pair of flat horizontallyextending flanges 25 beyond this end stop, these flanges being of awidth appreciably greater than the distance between the flanges 22.

Prior to the laying of the first course of shingles, the channels 20 aresecured to the roof boards 3 at shingle-width spacings, as by driving anail or two nails 21 through the webs '28 of the channels into the IC'Jfboards.

A course of shingles is then laid between the channels 20, and theflanges l4 of the casings of adjacent shingles are forced into thechannels by means of the locking rods 2|, the rods forcing these flangesinto tight-fitting conformity with the walls of the channels, as clearlyshown in Figs. '1 and 9. At the same time, the forward portions of theareas Ma and the portions of areas "a of the strips H, which overliethese portions of the areas l4a, are forced into the grooves of thechannels and against the stops 24 by the tapered ends 26 of the rods 2|,with the result that the sides of adjacent shingles are effectivelylocked to the channels in a water-tight surfaces of the shingles, asclearly shown in Fig.

10. These areas will therefore function as a water-tight seal betweensuccessive courses of shingles in the areas about the rear ends of thechannels. The flanges 25, as will be noted in Fig. 10, overlie themarginal portions of the upper surfaces of the bases 4 of the shinglesand effectively preclude the passage of moisture into the spaces betweenthe edges l3 of the shingles at these points. i

The rod 2| is locked into position in the channel by the beads 23thereof, as shown in Figs. 7 and 9. In this way the casing flanges aretightly locked to the channels, an eflicient watertight sealed joint isthus provided between adjacent shingles, and the shingles are held downrigidly along both sides for the entire length thereof.

If the shingles are laid in courses from the eaves upward, the channelsfor the second course of shingles are secured to the roof board instaggered arrangement with the first course of channels, the forwardends of the channels overlapping the rear portion of the upper surfacesof the shingles, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 7.

(ill

' the flrst course of shingles." The front nail 21,

: nails are in no case driven through the shingles.

The shingles of the second course are then se'f cur'ed 'to theirchannels in the-same manner as which secures each channel to the roof,is driven mediately to the rear of the rear edge I of the underlyingshingle, so that the channel securing It will be noted that the forwardedges of the shingles of each course are so. laid that their flanges 9overlie, and, by virtue of the adhesive nature of the strips ll, adhereto the adhesive strips ll of the course below. Since the adhesive stripsH are cemented to the upper surfaces ofthe areas la and Ila. and also,to, the flanges 8 of the overlying casings, a water-tight seal orbarrier is provided between overlapping courses of shingles. Theadhesive strip I I may be cemented to the casings in the course ofmanufacture of the shingles or may be appliedto theshingles in thefleld, or in lieu of such strips, thick strips of emulsified asphalt orthe like may be used.

It will be noted that the shingles of each course overlap the shinglesof the adjacent courses to the minimum extent required for hearing andthat the area of the casing of each shingle is reduced to a minimum,which is but slightly in excess of the exposed area of the shingle whenin position on the roof.

It will be further noted that the shingles l are not secured as bynailing to each other or to the roof boards, and that a damaged orotherwise defective shingle may therefore be pulled out and replaced bysimply removing the two adjacent locking rods 2| without disturbingother shingles.

The advantages of the present construction which may be noted are theuseof a minimum amount of casing metal for each shingle with resultanteconomies in manufacturing cost,.watertight sealed interlock betweenadjacent shingles in a course and sealed jointing between successivecourses, the securing of adjacent shingles to the roof boards by meansconsisting of portions of the casing and of locking means extendingsubstantially the entire length of the shingle, thereby holding thefront ends of shingles firmly and In laying the shingles in courses fromthe ridge down, the channels for the first or uppermost course ofshingles are secured to the roof board in such a manner that theirforward ends are spaced from the roof boards sufiiciently to receivethereunder the rear portions of the next or subjacent course ofshingles. The channels for the second course are secured to the roofboard in a similar manner, etc.

In forming a valley, a modified valley channel 30, as shown in Fig. 13,is nailed in position at the valley corner, with the channel flangesparallel with one surface of the valley. The channel 30 is similar tothe channels 20, except that the groove therein is of tapering width toreceive the side edges of a shingle and the back stop which correspondswith the and stop 24 is at the rear end of the channel, the channelhaving no flanges such as the flanges 25 of the channel 20. Shingles 3|of modified area, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, are then formed, suchshingles being preferably formed from standard shingles I. The fleld manwill take these shingles I, strip the casing from the cores as far backas necessary, saw or cut the core to the form shown'in Fig. 12.

g as shown in Fig.

shownln Fig. 13. He will lay one valley shingle J with itssideedgeclosely abutting the free flange through'the webs of the channelat a point im-j valley shingle into the groovefof the valley channel,forcing the flap of the adjacent shingle into a firm water-tightv gripwith the valley channel, as clearly shown in Fig. 13. In this mannerwater-tight closed valleys for roofs of varying pitches may beconstructed without requiring expensive valley flashings.

In forming a ridge,-modifled ridge shingles 40 are provided,as shown inFig. 12. These shingles are preferably formed from standard shingles l.The field man will take these shingles l, strip the casing from thecores as far down as necessary, and saw off the rear ends of the coresto leave shingles of the desired length. He will then lay the shinglesin the manner shown in Figs. 12 and 14, extending the casing 'I of one.ridge shingle over and across the upper surface of the opposite ridgeshingle. The flaps ll of these ridge shingles will then be forced intosuitable locking channels by means of bent locking rods 4|, as shown inFigs. 12 and 15. The locking channels for these ridge shingles will bemade by sawing off the rear ends of channels 20 to correspond with theridge shingle lengths.

In forming a hip, the field man will use standard shingles, and modifythe same so as to enable them to be used in a hip construction, such 16.The adjacent hip shingles 50 are laid in an overlapping manner, asshown, and the modified flaps of such shingles are locked to channels5|, as by means of locking rods 52, these channels and rods beingsimilar in all respects to the channels 20 and rods 2|. The hip channelmay be staggered from one face of the hip to the other in successivecourses.

In Fig. 17 is disclosed a shingle in which a modifled form of connectionbetween the casing of the shingle and the fabric strip I1 is utilized.In

this case, the casing I is provided with an integral flap or flange 60which overlies the areas la and Ma, of the casing and the strip I1 iscemented to the flap and to the upper surface of the base 4 rearwardlyof the flap.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards theconstruction herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of thefollowing claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. A shingle comprising a base and a casing of sheet metal, said casingextending beyond the upper edge of the base to provide integral ridgecovering means for a roof.

2. A shingle comprising a base and a casing of sheet metal havingportions covering and enclosto lock said marginal edge of said firstshingle to said channel.

4. In a root construction, locking means for adjacent shingles,consisting of a resilient metal channel independent of either of saidadjacent shingles, said channel being closed adjacent one end thereof,and a locking member insaid channel forminga water-tight seal betweentwo adjacent shingles.

5. A valley construction for a roof, comprising adjoining shingles inVrelation, each having a base and a casing of sheet metal, the casingsof each shingle having integral flexible marginal portions along theiradjoining sides, and a resilient channel at the junction between saidshingles, one of said shingles locking the marginal portion of the othershingle to said channel.

6. A ridge construction for a roof, comprising adjoining shingles ininverted V-relation, each having a base and a casing of sheet metal, thecasing of one of said shingles extending over the upper end of the othershingle to provide a ridge covering.

7. In a root construction, spaced shingles having flexible marginalflaps, a channel member disposed in the space between said shingles andhaving laterally extending flanges at its rear end substantially flushwith the upper surfaces of said shingles, portions of said flapsextending into said channels in overlapping relation and portionsoverlying said flanges in overlapping relation, and a locking elementdisposed in said channel and overlying said first-named overlapped flapportions.

8. In a roof construction, spaced shingles having flexible marginalflaps, a channel member disposed in the space between said shingles,said channel being closed adjacent its rear end, portions of said flapsextending into said channels in overlapping relation, and a lockingelement disposed in said channel and overlying said overlapped flapportions.

ARMEN H. TASHJIAN.

